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Roulette is a casino and gambling game (Roulette is a French
word meaning "small wheel"). A croupier turns a round roulette wheel which has
37 or 38 separately numbered pockets in which a ball must land. The main pockets
are numbered from 1 to 36 and alternate between red and black, with number 1
being red. There is also a green pocket numbered 0. In most roulette wheels in
the United States but not in Europe, there is a second zero compartment marked
00, also colored green.
If a player bets on a single number and wins, the payout is 35 to 1. The bet
itself is returned, so in total it is multiplied by 36. (In a lottery one would
say 'the prize is 36 times the cost of the ticket', because in a lottery the
cost of the ticket is not returned additionally.)
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The first form of roulette was first devised in 17th century
France, by the mathematician Blaise Pascal, who was supposedly inspired by his
fascination with perpetual-motion devices. In 1842, fellow Frenchmen Francois
and Louis Blanc added the "0" to the roulette wheel in order to increase house
odds. Roulette was brought into the U.S. in the early 1800s, and again in order
to increase house odds a second zero, "00", was introduced - although in some
forms of early American roulette the double-zero was replaced by an American
Eagle. In the 1800s, roulette spread all over both Europe and the U.S., becoming
one of the most famous and most popular casino games. Some call roulette the
"King of Casino Games", probably because it was associated with the glamour of
the casinos in Monte Carlo. (Francois Blanc actually established the first
casinos there).
A legend tells about Francois Blanc, who supposedly bargained with the devil to
obtain the secrets of roulette. The legend is based on the fact that if you add
up all the numbers on the roulette wheel (from 1 to 36), the resulting total is
"666", which is supposedly the "Number of the Beast" and represents the devil. |
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There are two types of roulette, American roulette and
European roulette. The difference between the two types is the number of 0's on
the wheel. American roulette wheels have two "0's", zero and double-zero, which
increases the house advantage to 5.4%. In European roulette there is only one
zero, giving the house an advantage of 2.7%.
The two versions use chips differently also. American roulette uses so-called
"non-value" chips, meaning that all chips belonging to the same player are of
the same value determined at the time of the purchase, and the player cashes in
the chips at the roulette table. European roulette uses standard casino chips of
differing values as bets, which can make the game more confusing for both the
croupier and the players.
A traditional European roulette table is also much larger than an American
roulette table, and the croupier uses a long tool called a rake to clear out the
chips and to distribute winnings. In American roulette the croupier collects and
distributes chips by hand.
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